Çeşitli spor dallarının ingilizce tanıtımı. Spor dallarının isimleri, kuralları, sporlar, spor dalları hakkında ingilizce bilgi.
Spor Dalları Hakkında İngilizce Bilgi
BASKETBALL
Basketball is one of the most popular sports in the world. It is played with a ball and a hoop. Players score points by shooting the ball through the hoop.
Basketball has become popular for a number of reasons:
Basketball is fun to play: Basketball has a very fast and exciting pace of play. Also, each player on the court gets to play both offense and defense and the roles of each player are only loosely defined. Much of basketball easily can be practiced (like shooting or dribbling) with one person making it easy to learn. The sport also is great for one-on-one play all the way up to 5-on-5, so you don’t need a big crowd to get a good game going.
Simple equipment: With basketball all you need are a ball and a hoop. Many playgrounds throughout the world (especially in the USA) have hoops making it easy to get a game going with just a ball.
Basketball is fun to watch: Some of the worlds greatest athletes are basketball players. The game is fast-paced and full of excitement and lots of scoring.
Basketball is an all weather sport: Basketball is often played outside in parks or in driveways, but is also a winter sport played indoors. So you can play basketball year round.
Basketball History
Basketball was invented in 1891 by Jim Naismith. He invented the sport for indoors play at the YMCA during the Massachusetts winter. The first game was played with a soccer ball and two peach baskets for goals.
The sport spread from the YMCA to colleges where the first basketball leagues were formed. As the sport gained popularity at the college level professional leagues were formed and, in 1936, basketball became an Olympic sport. Today the NBA (National Basketball Association) is one of the most popular professional sports leagues in the world.
Basketball has had a number of players that have help make basketball popular as a spectator sport including Magic Johnson, Larry Bird, Wilt Chamberlain, and Oscar Robinson. Perhaps the most famous and arguably the greatest basketball player of all time is Michael Jordan.
GOLF
Golf is an individual sport played by hitting a ball with a club from a tee into a hole. The object is to get the ball into the hole with the least number of swings or strokes of the club. Golf is a hugely popular sport that is enjoyed by people of all ages. Golf is often played competitively, but can also be played for relaxation and just to enjoy the outdoors.
The playing area for golf is called a golf course. Unlike many sports, the course is not a standard or fixed size. Courses vary in length and design. This is one of the many aspects of golf that have made it so popular and interesting. Many people enjoy trying out and experiencing different courses. Courses can be very different depending on the local terrain. Imagine how different a flat desert course is from a hilly forest course. Many golf courses are famous and known for their beauty or difficulty. Perhaps the most famous golf course in the United States is Augusta National in Augusta, Ga. This is where The Masters golf tournament is played each year.
Each golf course is made up of a number of golf holes. Usually 18 holes, but some courses only have 9 holes. On each hole the golfer first hits the ball from a tee area towards the hole. The hole is on a smooth area of short grass called the green. Typically it will take the golfer a number of shots to get to the green. Once the golf ball is on the green, the golfer will use a putter to roll or “putt” the ball into the hole. The number of strokes are counted up for the hole and recorded on a score card. At the end of the course all the strokes are totaled and the golfer with the fewest number of strokes wins.
Short History of Golf
Golf was invented and first played in Scotland in the 15th century. Golf quickly spread to England and from there throughout the world. The first Golf Club, The Honorable Company of Edinburgh Golfers, was formed in Scotland in 1744. The first official rule guides were published not much later. In United States, the PGA was formed in 1916 ushering professional golf. Today golf is a very popular sport with major golf tournaments drawing huge crowds both live and on television.
TENNIS
Tennis is one of the most popular individual sports in the world. In tennis the player uses a racquet to hit a ball over a net into the opponents court. The ball must be kept in play and can only bounce one time on the court surface before the opponent must strike the ball back over the net. The standard ball is made up of felt over hollow rubber. Tennis is often played with one player per side (singles) or with two players per side (doubles).
An early version of Tennis started out in the 16th century in France where players would yell “tenez” when starting a game giving the game the name Tennis. Later the game would be refined in England in the 19th century as lawn tennis to more resemble the sport we play today.
Tennis Competition
Tennis is played by people over the world as a great form of exorcize and recreation. There are also many levels of professional play in tournaments around the world. There are four top tournaments called the Grand Slam Tournaments. These are Wimbledon, the US Open, The Australian Open, and the French Open. Millions of people watch these tournaments making tennis a great spectator sport as well. Recently, tennis was added to the Olympics as an official sport.
Tennis is a sport that has transcended age groups and is enjoyed by young kids as well as senior citizens.
The Tennis Court
The basic area where tennis is played is call the court. This is a rectangular flat surface of varying types including concrete, grass, and clay. The standard tennis court is 78 feet long and 27 feet wide for singles matches. For doubles matches the width of the court is increased to 36 feet. A 3 feet 6 inch high net is stretched across the court, dividing the court in half. Tennis courts can be found in public parks, schools, and country clubs throughout the world. They can be outside or inside allowing for fresh air when the weather is good and year round play when the weather is bad.
There are three main types of tennis court surfaces. Each surface allows for a different style of play to excel as the bounce and speed of the ball can vary dramatically. These surfaces are:
Hardcourt: This term includes many different surfaces including concrete, asphalt, wood, and Astroturf, just to name a few. Hardcourts are generally fast courts that have a good consistent bounce of the ball. Hardcourts are the most popular type of courts and most likely the court most amateur tennis players use.
Clay: The clay surface is usually considered a slow surface because tennis balls lose speed when they hit the court. This surface also causes the ball to bounce higher than on other surfaces. This can make for long tennis rallies.
Grass: Grass courts are the most traditional form of court as today’s tennis was originally played on grass. Grass is considered fast like the hard courts, but the grass can be uneven and cause the ball to bounce funny making it difficult to return hard shots.
VOLLEYBALL
Volleyball is a team sport played with a ball and a net. There are teams on each side of the net. One team hits the ball over the net and into the other team’s court, the other team must then hit the ball back over the net and in bounds within three tries without letting the ball touch the ground.
There are two main kinds of competitive volleyball played in the world right now. They are team volleyball and beach volleyball. Both are Olympic sports and have competitive leagues. Team volleyball is played indoors on a hard court with 6 people per team. Beach volleyball is played outdoors on the sand with 2 players per team. The rules, strategy, and discussion here will focus on team volleyball.
Volleyball can be a lot of fun to play. To play with friends you can play with any number of people and most anyone can join in. To be a competitive player takes lot of practice. Good height and jumping ability helps a lot.
History of Volleyball
Volleyball was originally invented by William Morgan in 1985. He was an athletic director at the YMCA and was trying to come up with a game that would be fun, like basketball, but less taxing. Of course the rules have changed some since then, but it quickly became a popular sport at the YMCA. The name volleyball came about when a man named Alfred Halstead noticed how the game had a volleying nature. People started calling it volley ball and the name stuck.
Volleyball was first played as an official Olympic sport in the 1964 Olympics. Japan won the first gold medal in women’s volleyball and the USSR won the first gold for men’s volleyball.
Volleyball Equipment and Court
An indoor volleyball is typically white, but may have some other colors as well. It’s round with 8 or 16 panels and is usually made of leather. The official indoor volleyball is 25.5 -26.5 inches in circumference, weighs 9.2 – 9.9 ounces, and has 4.3-4.6 psi air pressure. A youth volley ball is slightly smaller. Beach volleyballs are slightly bigger, weigh the same, but have much less air pressure.
The volleyball court is 18 meters long and 9 meters wide. It’s divided in sides in the middle by the net. The net is 1 meter wide and is set up so that the top of the net is 7 feet 11 5/8 inches above the ground (right around 8 feet). The only other key feature is a line that is drawn on each side 3 meters from the net and parallel to the net. This line is called the attack line. It defines the front row and back row areas.
SOCCER (FOOTBALL)
The sport of soccer (called football in most of the world) is considered to be the world’s most popular sport. In soccer there are two teams of eleven players. Soccer is played on a large grass field with a goal at each end. The object of the game is to get the soccer ball into the opposing team’s goal. The key to soccer is that, with the exception of the goalie, players cannot touch the ball with their hands, they can only kick, knee, or head the ball to advance it or score a goal.
Soccer is played at all levels throughout the world from small kids leagues to professional and international teams. Perhaps the most famous soccer tournament is the World Cup. Held every four years, the World Cup is a soccer competition among countries and is one of the most watched events in the world.
One of the reasons soccer is so popular is that it really only takes a ball and a flat open area to play. Kids throughout the world will make up fields and goals just about anywhere and start playing the game. The game is also fun and competitive.
Soccer is a great form of exercise as there is lots of running for good distances. The sport is also a good test of dexterity and a great way to learn balance.
Many people consider soccer at its highest level to be so beautiful as to be practically an art form. The skill at which great players and great soccer teams work the ball, strategize, and flow as one can be an awesome thing to watch.
HOCKEY
Ice hockey is a sport played on an ice rink with ice skates. Players use hockey sticks to propel a flat hockey puck on the ice and into a goal. At the end of the allotted time, the team with the most goals wins the game.
Ice hockey is a very popular sport world wide. In the United States and Canada hockey is popular at both the college and professional level. Hockey is a very fast and exciting sport. Hockey players skate at very high speeds, running into each other with great force, but skating and controlling the puck with great dexterity. The combination of skill, speed, toughness, and action has made hockey a popular sport to watch as well as play
Brief History of Hockey
The basic concept of the game of hockey has been around for years, but the formation of modern hockey took place in Montreal, Canada in the late 1800’s. Hockey quickly became hugely popular. Ice Hockey boasts the oldest trophy of all the big professional sports with the Stanley Cup that was first awarded in 1893. The Stanley Cup is still awarded to the champion of The National Hockey League (NHL) which was formed in 1917. Just a few years later, in 1920, Hockey became an Olympic sport.
BASEBALL
Baseball is often called the “National Pastime” of the United States. A sport that was mostly invented in the United States, baseball is considered a big part of the USA’s history and culture. Baseball’s influence over pop culture can be seen in its influence in movies, art, television, news, and more over the years.
Baseball is popular at all levels of age and skill and in many different areas of the world. Often kids grow up playing baseball with many children playing T-ball (a form of baseball where the ball is placed on a Tee so it’s easy to hit) at the age of 4 or 5 and then moving on to coach-pitch, player-pitch, little league, high school, college, and the Major Leagues. Professional baseball in the United States has many levels of baseball called the minor leagues. In the minors, players hone their skills and grow into major league players. The minor leagues also gives small towns the opportunity to have their own professional baseball team and have been a big part in keeping baseball popular.
Baseball is a sport that combines many different physical and mental talents. Many players are specialists like the pitcher who specializes in throwing the ball accurately to the hitter, but also making the ball difficult to hit. Some players are good at hitting home runs while others are experts at fielding. It’s this combination of skills and team play that make the game complex and interesting.
Baseball is different from many other major sports, like basketball and football, in that there is no clock. This gives baseball a slow, methodic pace that is unique and also is ideal for long, lazy summer days when the game is played. Strategy and subtlety are key elements to winning games.
Baseball also has a rich history of unique players and personalities that have become household names. Some of these players include Babe Ruth, Joe DiMaggio, Hank Aaron, and Jackie Robinson.
Baseball’s long history, heroic players, and rich game play have made it one of the world’s most popular sports.
